A unified field theory by the the late German theoretical physicist, Burkhard Heim in 1957(when his idea became public) where he theorise that our universe at the smallest fundamental scale has quantize structure(similar to Quantum Gravity); a
structure of quantize area, volume and time.
So at the scale of area 10^-70 m^2, where m is in meters; space becomes a discrete structure of surface elements called metrons.
His theory is that the universe has a four-dimensional hyperspace component along with our 4 D spacetime( 3 D & 1 D time), that add to 8 dimensional spacetime in total(7 D space, 1 D time) that could lead to interstellar travel one day or sooner.
His field theory predicts that gravity has 2 other forces yet unobserved particles; gravito-photons that has + or - force interaction that theoretically, will allow the conversion of an electromagnetic field into a gravitational-like field or a anti-gravity propulsion mechanism.
The gravito-photon is electromagnetism and gravity coupling particle state .
This Quantum spacetime theory of nature could, finally get us to the stars . :)
His theory also predicts a force called quintessence, a weak gravitational-like repulsive force that would cause the expansion of universe; dark energy, explanation.
Along with the other 3 forces of our universe that theorize 6 forces of nature in total; strong or nuclear, weak and of course electromagnetism, with this Quantum spacetime theory adds other three forces; quintessence, +gravito-photons
& -gravito-photons.
Also the physics community, has shown great interest in this theory, because
Burkhard Heim's theory predicts the masses of sixteen elementary particles to a relative accuracy of 1 part in 10,000.
There is no other known established theory of fundamental particles physics at present that have made comparable theoretical predictions to that accuracy.
Says, the particle physicists at large.
The US military also has got interested in the hyperdrive concept, cite this article Take a leap into hyperspace (
http://space.newscientist.com/article/mg18925331.200).
Of course there are other techtincal details I will love to present; equations & more detail physics concepts, but I don't want to bore people with that complex info. :)
05 January 2006, page 24
Who was Burkhard Heim?
Burkhard Heim had a remarkable life. Born in 1925 in Potsdam, Germany, he decided at the age of 6 that he wanted to become a rocket scientist. He disguised his designs in code so that no one could discover his secret. And in the cellar of his parents' house, he experimented with high explosives. But this was to lead to disaster.
Towards the end of the second world war, he worked as an explosives developer, and an accident in 1944 in which a device exploded in his hands left him permanently disabled. He lost both his forearms, along with 90 per cent of his hearing and eyesight.
After the war, he attended university in Gцttingen to study physics. The idea of propelling a spacecraft using quantum mechanics rather than rocket fuel led him to study general relativity and quantum mechanics. It took an enormous effort. From 1948, his father and wife replaced his senses, spending hours reading papers and transcribing his calculations onto paper. And he developed a photographic memory.
Supporters of Heim theory claim that it is a panacea for the troubles in modern physics. They say it unites quantum mechanics and general relativity, can predict the masses of the building blocks of matter from first principles, and can even explain the state of the universe 13.7 billion years ago.
Download this book about this theory if any of you are interested in the physics and the mathematics. link to book ~ Hyperspace Propulsion (
http://www.hpcc-space.de/publications/documents/aiaa2004-3700-a4.pdf)
Also here is article that got some aerospace engineers interested, ~ Take a leap into hyperspace (
http://space.newscientist.com/article/mg18925331.200)
Here is another link to a article about Heim's Theory.
Prepare for Ludicrous Speed (
http://www.damninteresting.com/?p=337).
Hyperspace Physics Concept
The quintessence, a weak repulsive
gravitational like interaction (dark energy) and
gravitophoton interaction, that enables the conversion
of electromagnetic radiation into a
gravitational like field, represented by the two
hypothetical gravitophoton (negative and positive
energies) particles. The gravitophoton interaction
is Quintessence (dark energy)
According Burkhard Heim's theory, gravitation, as we
know it, is comprised of three interactions,
namely by gravitons, the postulated gravitophotons,
and by the quintessence particle. This
means that the gravitational constant G contains
contributions from all three fields. The quintessence
interaction, however, is much smaller than
the first two contributions.
In Heim's theory the existence
of matter as an independent entity is replaced by
the features of a dynamic 8-dimensional discrete
spacetime, and as such is created by space itself.
The conversion of electromagnetic radiation into a
gravitational like field; the physical
effect lies in the different absorption coefficients
of negative and positive gravitophotons. As it
turns out, gravitophotons are generated
by virtual electrons, that is, they are generated by vacuum polarization.
In QED the vacuum behaves like a dielectric
absorbing and producing virtual particles
and the Coulomb potential is associated
with the transfer of a single virtual photon. Vacuum
polarization in form of the electron-photon
interaction changes the Coulomb potential of a
point charge for distances within the electron
Compton wavelength with respect to a nucleus.
The the application for interstellar travel
is, for a anti-gravity field propulsion is by the effect
of the reduction of the gravitational potential of a spacecraft
by the interaction of the positive gravitophotons with gravitons and their conversion into (repulsive) vacuum particles.
That will allow FTL travel in hyperspace.
Also with the reduction of the gravitational field of a body the object will accelerate by aide of negative gravitophotons, that will produce a anti-gravity propulsive like effect involving gravity to the outside observer.
Negative gravitophotons are
absorbed by protons and neutrons, while the remaining
positive gravitophotons interact with
the gravitons of the spacecraft, being converted
into vacuum particles, thus reducing the gravitational
potential of the spacecraft, that will allow a spaceship to enter hyperspace.
This anti-gravity effect of course, will make it more easier to accelerate to higher speeds thus, negating the higher mass chemical fuel payloads to escape Earth's gravitational field or to reach the 6.96mi/s aprox. escape velocity of this planet.
The kinetic energy from anti-gravity propulsion
is extracted from the vacuum, although the total
energy extracted from the vacuum that is in the
form of negative and positive gravitophotons, is zero; must have conservation of energy.
The acceleration that is achieved by the
absorption of negative gravitophotons through
the protons and neutrons of the torus coil material.
Will require a superconductor magnetic coil material; the obstacles I spoke of is that the limit of known superconductors to high magnetic field densities is of some 34 T, where T is tesla, a unit of magnetic flux density.
Some magnetic field density of 50-60 T would be needed, for 1,000kg masses ranges; for a spacecraft of mass 1,000kg at 50 T approx. will obtain a value n=9,013
v=cn or a velocity equal to 2.5 light hour per second approx. after a accelerated transition(2.7m/s^2 or 27% of g) into hyperspace, by positive gravitophoton force propulsion.
It also depend on other physical parameters like higher atomic numbers elements and of course electrical power ratings in 1 MW; million watt ranges for a spacecraft around 100,000 kg mass ranges, for around the same hyperspace velocity as above, and accelerated transition, 2.7m/s^2.
That same magnetic field density of approx. 50 T , a electrical current density of 250 A/mm^2, where mm is millimeter for a magnetic coil of superconductor material
and a torus ring superconductor material(fill with hydrogen gas of 103 kg), a rotation velocity of 1,000m/s, and with magnetic coil number of turns of 1x10^6 will require a power rating of around 14,887 W or 14.9 kilowatts approx. for entering hyperspace, by +gravitophoton production for spacecraft of mass of 1,000 kg, according to the theory and the equations of Heim's theory.
The MW power ratings can be achieve with a very efficent nuclear reactor on a possible yet to be build(still on the drawing board at NASA) spaceship I think, but I will have to check that info.
Gravitophoton field propulsion would obtain the kinetic energy from the vacuum.
The transition into Hyperspace space would
need a repulsive strength of the gravitophoton
field (positive gravitophotons), that will produce an phase or accelerated transition into Hyperspace that will let a spacecraft achieve FTL travel at a speeds much greater than light speed, once in Hyperspace the speed of light is c=nc, where n>1 is a integer; that must be because of the quantize discrete spacetime in the theory.
The gravitational potential of the spacecraft of mass M is reduce; Gs=GM/r , where G is the gravitational constant and r is the distance from the center of this mass by the interaction with +gravito-photons the gravitons of the spacecraft and their conversion into (repulsive) quintessence vacuum particles.
The gravitational constant transform by this relation, G/n in hyperspace for hyperdrive velocity factor, n to increase, the gravitational constant must decrease also.
That also mean to get a faster velocity factor in Hyperspace, once all other physical conditions are met, the vehicle will have to have a faster acceleration at the moment of entering hyperspace.
vacuum polarization: this link for explaination vacuum polarization (
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_polarization)
Compton wavelength: fundamental limitation on measuring the position of a particle, taking quantum mechanics and special relativity into account.
light hour: 7.24329227133423AU exact
AU:A unit of length used for distances within the solar system; equal to the mean distance between the Earth and the Sun (approximately 93 million miles or 150 million kilometers)
virtual photon: here for explanation (
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_photon)
QED means Quantum Electrodynamics: the Quantum physics of electromagnetism explained through Quantum Field Theory.
metron: Planck length^2= 10^-70 m^2
(String Theory; 10 D and 1 D time)